![]() ![]() This is achieved by relating the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, diameter of the pipe, and the linear speed or flowrate of the liquid sample. The Reynold Number (Re) is a mathematical equation helps to determine if the flow in the pipe is Laminar Flow or Turbulent Flow. For example, 100% ethanol at 25 ☌ has the following known properties. For most fuel and other liquids, fluid dynamic values have already been tabulated. ![]() The kinematic viscosity of a fluid is the ratio of the viscosity of the fluid to the fluid’s density. This may be referred to as the absolute or dynamic viscosity of the liquid. The classic example is molasses which is thicker and thus has a higher viscosity than water. Said another way, viscosity is the thickness of the fluid. The textbook definition of viscosity is the resistance of the fluid to flow or deform. Additionally, if the flow has particulates, bubbles, or mixed phases which will vary the chemical composition and index of refraction during the measurement period, then the NIR measurement will not be stable. Flowrate alone cannot be determined without understanding the fluid dynamics such as the kinematic viscosity and the diameter of the pipe passing through the flow cell. ![]() The flow can either be smooth and laminar or turbulent. To achieve stable Near Infrared Spectroscopy readings, a steady flow of fluid must be passing through the optical beam during the measurement. The question of flow rate cannot be answered without more information regarding the sample. ![]()
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